A core principle of a lot of advice is to break things down into smaller parts, prioritize what is important, and take small steps to make some kind of progress, building compounding momentum as you go. Adding accountability through a deadline esures that real progress is made.
Some examples:
To achieve goals, it is better to focus on systems instead. These systems can be broken down into individual habits, which are the building blocks that build the systems that lead to achieving goals.
Prioritize and execute is a variation of divide and conquer where you divide a problem or situation into its many parts, prioritize what is important, and execute on those tasks.
Many productivity methods are based on the idea of breaking tasks into smaller ones and making some kind of progress, no matter how small. For example, The Eisenhower Matrix and the general Getting Things Done methodology.
The divide and conquer algorithm in computer science recursively breaks down a problem into two or more sub-problems until they become simple enough to solve directly.
Focusing on living in the present and living in day-tight compartments means dividing your life into individual days, focusing on making each day the best it can be, and worrying less about the future.
References
Extreme Ownership by Jocko Willink and Leif Babin
How to Stop Worrying and Start Living by Dale Carnegie
Mastery by Robert Greene
The Daily Laws by Robert Greene